Reflective and transflective LCD display characteristics and performance comparison

LCD classification can be divided into five main types according to different display technologies: LCD for Samsung, TFT-LCD, TFD-LCD, SIN-LCD, and GF-LCD. According to the different technical characteristics of the backlight, LCDs can also be divided into reflective LCDs and transmissive LCDs. The transmissive LCD display relies on a backlight and consumes a lot of power, but the reflective LCD does not require a backlight. It relies on ambient light for display and has low power consumption. It is suitable for portable electronic products such as mobile phones and PDAs. Research has been conducted for a long time. Early anti-reflective LCDs used a 90°TN mode and used two polarizers. Later, reflective mixed mode TN and reflective VA modes using one polarizer were proposed. The disadvantage of reflective LCD is that because the ambient light is reflected on the panel, the contrast ratio is only 5:1-30:1. Since the reflective LCD is mainly used in products such as e-books, it is required to achieve the reflectivity of ordinary paper, that is, 70%-90%. 1. Reflective LCD 1. The relationship between reflector and display performance. To make ambient light reflect on the LCD panel, a reflector is needed in the LCD structure. The simplest structure is that the reflector is attached to the outside of the LCD liquid crystal cell, but when the pixel pitch is small, the emitted light interferes with adjacent pixels, and a double image will be observed. Inserting a mirror reflector into the liquid crystal cell can solve the double image problem, but the image of the light source or the reflected image of the observer can be observed from the display screen. The regular uneven surface transforms the incident light into a diffused light structure. In this structure, the regular irregularities on the surface cause the incident white light to produce a dispersion effect. When the reflector is formed with an irregular uneven surface structure, the wavelength dependence of the reflected light disappears. When incident light hits the irregular reflector, the reflected light includes normal reflected light and diffused light. The ratio of the diffused light of the normal reflected light has a greater impact on the reflected display characteristics of the product. The above is for the case where the incident light is parallel light. If the incident light is non-parallel light, in order to make the reflective LCD display a good image, design and control the surface of the reflector according to the use purpose and the size of the screen. For example, the incident light indoors is composed of parallel light directly irradiated by a fluorescent lamp and diffused light formed after reflection on the wall, and the ratio of parallel light and diffused light is 1:1. 2. Color display color mode reflective LCD has the following two Kind of structure, color film structure and laminated structure. The structure of the color film is the same as that of the transmissive LCD, but is different in color purity and brightness control. In the transmissive LCD, the color purity is determined by the color film and the backlight. The brightness can be improved by increasing the intensity of the backlight. However, in the reflective LCD, the light depends on the ambient light and passes through the color film twice, so it is necessary to design Dedicated color film. 2. Semi-reflective and semi-transparent mode The reflective LCD relies on the ambient light, so the most fatal weakness is that it cannot be used in a dark environment. Transflective LCD is referred to as TR-LCD, which is a combination of transmission and reflection. In the TR-LCD structure, since the reflected light passes through the liquid crystal layer twice, the optical path difference between the reflected light and the transmitted light area is twice. The disadvantage of TR-LCD is that when the surrounding ambient light is not too dark, when you turn on the backlight, you can see the images in the transmissive area and the reflective area at the same time, which reduces the sharpness of the image quality. In addition, in the reflection area, the light passes through the color film layer twice, and the images in the reflection area and the transmission area have color deviations. Aiming at the problem of color shift, Sharp has developed a TR-LCD structure in which the color film thickness of the reflective area is reduced by 1/2. The manufacturing process of producing different thicknesses of reflective and transmissive regions in the liquid crystal cell is relatively complicated, and the driving characteristics of the transmissive and reflective regions are different, which brings many difficulties in actual manufacturing and application.

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